A remediation technique that utilizes microorganisms to degrade and detoxify pollutants or
contaminants in an environment devoid of oxygen or with very low oxygen levels. Unlike aerobic
bioremediation, which requires oxygen, anaerobic bioremediation occurs in environments where
oxygen is absent or limited. Microorganisms involved in anaerobic bioremediation are typically
specialized anaerobes that can thrive in oxygen-depleted conditions. These microorganisms metabolize
organic pollutants by utilizing alternative electron acceptors such as nitrate, sulfate, or carbon dioxide
instead of oxygen. As a result, they break down contaminants into simpler, less toxic compounds
through anaerobic metabolic pathways. Anaerobic bioremediation can be effective for treating
pollutants like chlorinated solvents.