Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is a type of iron that has a high reactivity due to its zero oxidation state. ZVI is commonly used as a reducing agent in environmental remediation technologies to treat contaminated groundwater and soil. When ZVI is introduced into a contaminated environment, it reacts with various contaminants, such as chlorinated solvents through a process called reductive dechlorination or reduction. This process converts the contaminants into less toxic or non-toxic compounds, such as ethene, ethane, and carbon dioxide, depending on the type of contaminant.